Pra.Ma.

If we know the magnetic field from the sample, then force acting on magnetic cantilever and its derivative in direction can be calculated by integrating the force acting on unit volume over the ferromagnetic film volume [1]:

	(1)
	(2)

where – magnetic moment per cantilever magnetic layer unit volume, – magnetic field from the sample, – vector corresponding to the tip position, – vector corresponding to the elementary magnetic moment position relative to , – normal vector to the probe surface collinear with its principal axis of symmetry (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1.  Model geometry used to calculate force and its derivative acting on tip.

If vector is directed along Z axis, then force (1) and its Z-derivative (2) are:

	(3)
	(4)

Magnetic field from the magnetic sample can be calculated in two ways. The sample is divided into elementary magnetic domains and at any space point the magnetic field from every domain , which is determined by well known formula [2], is summed:

(5)

where – distance from the point of origin to the sample magnetic domain .

According to [3], magnetic field can be calculated from the following equation

(6)

where – distance from the point of origin to the sample magnetic domain and – normal vector to the sample surface. Substituting into equations (1), (2) instead of expressions (5) and (6), we can find and .

Summary.

• Described is a model that in a general case allows to calculate the force acting on the probe with known magnetic characteristics at a given point in space over the sample having arbitrary distribution of the magnetization vector and its derivative.
• This model is valid only for hard magnetic cantilevers and samples when mutual interference of sample and probe magnetization is not taken into consideration.

References.

1. P. Grutter, H.J. Mamin, D. Rugar, in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy II, edited by R. Wiesendanger and H.-J. Guntherodt (Springer, Berlin, 1992) pp. 151-207.
2. L.D. Landau, E.M. Lifshitz. Theoretical Physics, vol. 2, Field Theory, Nauka, 1973, 504 p. (in Russian).
3. W.F. Brown. Magnetostatic Principles in Ferromagnetism (Amsterdam 1962).
4. U. Hartmann. J. Appl. Phys. 64, 1561 (1988).